Method for starting a burner

ABSTRACT

A method for starting a burner for combusting synthesis gases is provided. The burner includes first and second fuel passages, the first fuel passage encompasses the second fuel passage in a substantially concentric manner and the gas transferred to the burner is mixed with combusting air and is combusted. In order to start the burner, the second fuel passage is first loaded with a synthesis gas to a predefined burner power at a first starting phase and the first fuel passage is loaded with the synthesis gas at a second starting phase.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 11/791,097 now U.S.Pat. No. 8,177,547, which is the US National Stage of InternationalApplication No. PCT/EP2005/055973, filed Nov. 15, 2005 and claims thebenefit thereof. The International Application claims the benefits ofEuropean application No. 05004361.1 filed Feb. 28, 2005 and Germanapplication No. 10 2004 055 763.2 filed Nov. 18, 2004, all of theapplications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method for starting a burner, whichis designed to combust a synthesis gas and has a first and second fuelpassage. The present invention also relates to a burner arrangement fora firing system, in particular a gas turbine combustion chamber.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A burner for a gas turbine with a first fuel passage and a second fuelpassage, which is encompassed in an essentially concentric manner by thefirst fuel passage, is disclosed for example in EP 1 277 920. The burnerdisclosed therein is designed to operate with a synthesis gas, thesynthesis gas being split into a first sub-flow and a second sub-flowand the sub-flows being supplied to the burner separately through thefirst and second fuel passages. Regulation can be present for eachsub-flow to supply the sub-flows in a regulated manner. In particularthe sub-flows can be adjusted here as a function of the required powerof the gas turbine. Regulation can in particular influence the gas massflow or the respective specific calorific value of the fuel supplied.The calorific value is influenced by introducing natural gas to increasethe calorific value or steam and/or nitrogen to reduce the calorificvalue.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

Compared with the prior art, the object of the present invention is todevelop the method for operating a burner with a first and second fuelpassage with synthesis gas further in respect of starting the burner.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a burner witha first fuel passage and a second fuel passage, the first fuel passageencompassing the second fuel passage in an essentially concentricmanner, offering advantages particularly in respect of starting withsynthesis gas.

The first object is achieved by a method for starting a burner asclaimed in the claims and the second object by a burner arrangement asclaimed in the claims. The dependent claims contain advantageousembodiments of the inventive method and respectively the inventiveburner arrangement.

In the inventive method for starting a burner, the burner being designedto combust a synthesis gas and having a first and second fuel passage,with the first fuel passage encompassing the second fuel passage in anessentially concentric manner, synthesis gas is supplied to the burner,said synthesis gas being mixed with combustion air and combusted. Tostart the burner, in an initial phase the second fuel passage is firstcharged with a synthesis gas to a predetermined burner power. Then in astart phase following on from the initial phase the first fuel passageis charged with synthesis gas.

The inventive method here is based on the knowledge that the overallefficiency of the gas turbine diminishes, the greater the fuel-sidepressure loss in the burner receiving the fuel for combustion. Asignificant variable for pressure loss is the flow resistance of theburner in respect of the flowing synthesis gas.

To achieve the highest possible level of efficiency efforts are made toachieve the lowest possible pressure loss in the fuel passage. On theother hand a minimum exit speed of the synthesis gas is required tomaintain a stable flame. This minimum exit speed however requires aspecific pressure loss, below which the pressure loss value cannot drop,over the fuel passage. The outflow speed is linked to the pressure loss.The lower the pressure loss over the fuel passage, the lower the outflowspeed of the synthesis gas among other things.

The pressure loss over a fuel passage is approximately proportional tothe gas mass flow flowing through the passage, the flow resistance ofthe passage forming the proportionality constant. This means that wherethe gas mass flow is small, the pressure loss is low, while it is highwhere the gas mass flow is large. If a gas turbine is to be started atlow load, this requires the supply of a small fuel mass flow, resultingin a low pressure loss over the fuel passage compared with the fuel massflow occurring at full load. Since maintaining a stable flame requires acertain minimum outflow speed of the synthesis gas, the fuel passagemust be configured in such a manner that the outflow speed value doesnot drop below said outflow speed, even when there is a small fuel massflow, in other words the fuel passage has a certain minimum pressureloss with a small gas mass flow. However this means that with a highfuel mass flow the pressure loss is higher than necessary, resulting ina deterioration in the efficiency of the gas turbine.

The described conflict between a minimum pressure loss, below which thepressure loss value must not drop, with a small fuel mass flow and a lowpressure loss with a high fuel mass flow occurs for example when the gasturbine system is started.

When the gas turbine system is started, the inventive method utilizesthe fact that the presence of two fuel passages offers a furtherparameter to optimize the starting of the gas turbine system. Thisparameter is the appropriate splitting of the fuel flow into twosub-flows, which are supplied through the separate fuel passages, by wayof the generally different pressure losses.

In one embodiment of the method in the initial phase only the second,inner fuel passage is charged with synthesis gas. The inner passagegenerally serves as the fuel passage for a pilot burner and is designedfor smaller fuel mass flows than the first fuel passage, which is alsoreferred to as the main fuel passage. In particular it generally has ahigher flow resistance compared with the main fuel passage, so that anadequate pressure loss and therefore an adequate outflow speed of thefuel can be ensured even with small fuel mass flows. The sole operationof the second fuel passage therefore allows the system to be started ina manner that is optimized in respect of the supply of relatively smallfuel mass flows. In the subsequent start phase, in which the first fuelpassage is charged, it is possible to keep up the charging of the secondfuel passage. Alternatively it is also possible however not to continuewith the charging of the second fuel passage in the start phase. Thefirst fuel passage is then connected in the start phase when the gasturbine power has reached a value, which allows a stable flame to bemaintained even when fuel is supplied through the first fuel passage.This power depends inter alia on the flow resistance of the first fuelpassage. The lower this flow resistance, the larger the fuel mass flowhas to be, which is supplied through the first fuel passage in the startphase.

In one embodiment of the inventive method a continuously increasing fuelmass flow is supplied to the second fuel passage in the initial phase,until the maximum burner power that can be achieved over the second fuelpassage is reached.

In order to be able to increase the fuel mass flow to be supplied for agiven power of the gas turbine system, without increasing the power, aninert medium can be fed to the synthesis gas. This increases the fuelmass flow but does not take part in combustion, so that the fuel massflow is higher for the same power than without inert medium. The inertmedium can be mixed in with the synthesis gas supplied through the firstfuel passage and/or the synthesis gas supplied through the second fuelpassage. In particular a large quantity of inert medium can be mixed inwith the synthesis gas supplied through the first fuel passage when thefirst fuel passage is connected in the start phase, in such a mannerthat a sudden jump in power is prevented during the transition from theinitial phase to the start phase. If the inert medium were not added,the synthesis gas mass flow to be supplied as a minimum to maintain astable flame through the first fuel passage would suddenly increase thepower of the gas turbine.

During the further course of the initial phase and/or during the furthercourse of the start phase the proportion of inert medium in thesynthesis gas is continuously reduced, in order to adjust the requiredcalorific value of the synthesis gas and therefore the required power ofthe gas turbine system.

In a development of the inventive method, to start the burner at thebeginning of the start phase, a small synthesis gas mass flow issupplied by way of an ignition pilot burner and ignited to form anignition pilot flame. After ignition the second fuel passage isconnected, with the synthesis gas flowing out from the second fuelpassage being ignited by way of the ignition pilot flame, to form apilot flame. The ignition pilot burner is advantageously upstream inrelation to any swirl generators present in the second fuel passage.

Synthesis gas can be supplied through the second fuel passage in such amanner that the pilot flame is removed from the region of the swirlgenerators. Removal can perhaps be effected by preventing anyinterference edges, at which vortex streets may develop. A vortex streetcomprises two parallel vortex chains, the vortices of the two vortexchains rotating in the counter clockwise direction. Such a vortex streetcan result in the flame being held in the region of the vortices. Thiscounters the removal of the flame from the region of the swirlgenerators. The interference edges can be prevented by structuring thesecond fuel passage in an appropriate manner, for example by not havingelectric ignitions or pilot gas pipes to supply the ignition pilot gasextending into the second fuel passage or running in it. Vortex streetscan also be prevented by not disposing nozzle rings for the discharge ofsynthesis gas upstream of possible interference edges.

A further possibility for removing the pilot flame from the region ofthe swirl generators is to reduce the calorific value of the synthesisgas supplied through the second fuel passage in such a manner that aflow speed of the synthesis gas is set, which is significantly higherthan the flame speed. Inert medium can be fed to the synthesis gas toreduce the calorific value.

Alternatively the pilot flame can also be ignited by means of theignition pilot flame downstream of the burner in the combustion chamber.In order to allow ignition of the pilot flame in the combustion chamberwith the ignition pilot burner located upstream in relation to the swirlgenerators in the second fuel passage, it is ensured that the fuel massflows supplied by way of the ignition pilot burner and over the secondfuel passage do not mix before they reach the combustion chamber. Inother words the two fuel mass flows are introduced separately into thecombustion chamber, for example in that the second fuel passage has nooutlet nozzles for the discharge of fuel in the region of the ignitionpilot flame. After ignition of the pilot flame the ignition pilot flameis preferably disconnected. With the described alternative the situationcan be achieved that the pilot flame does not burn at all in the burneritself and therefore does not have to be removed from the burner, inparticular from the region of the swirl generators.

An inventive burner arrangement for a combustion chamber, in particularfor a gas turbine combustion chamber, comprises:

A main burner comprising a first fuel passage to supply a first fuelmass flow, a pilot burner comprising a second fuel passage to supply asecond fuel mass flow, with at least one swirl generator being disposedin the region of the second fuel passage, and an ignition pilot burnerdisposed upstream of the swirl generator to ignite the pilot burner.According to the invention the second fuel passage is configured in sucha manner that any interference edges, at which vortex streets maydevelop, are prevented between the ignition pilot burner and the pilotburner.

The inventive burner arrangement is particularly suitable forimplementing the inventive method in the variant, wherein the pilotburner is ignited by means of an ignition pilot flame disposed upstreamof the swirl generators. If the synthesis gas is supplied to the pilotburner through the second fuel passage in the initial phase, theinventive embodiment of the burner system allows the pilot flame to beremoved from the region of the swirl generators.

Interference edges can for example be prevented by not disposing fuelnozzles upstream of possible interference edges.

In an advantageous development of the inventive burner arrangement thesecond fuel passage has no fuel outlets in the region, in which theignition pilot burner is disposed. If the second fuel passage is fittedfor example with one or more nozzle rings with fuel nozzles distributedover the periphery of a nozzle ring, it is possible to dispense withfuel nozzles, in particular in the peripheral segment facing theignition pilot burner. On the one hand this prevents the ignition pilotburner itself becoming an interference element causing a vortex streetand on the other hand the absence of fuel outlets in the second fuelpassage in the region of the ignition pilot burner allows the separateintroduction of the synthesis gas mass flows supplied by way of theignition pilot burner and the second fuel passage into the combustionchamber.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further embodiments of the present invention will emerge from thedescription which follows of exemplary embodiments with reference to theaccompanying figures, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of an inventive burnerarrangement,

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a section of the burner along lineA-A from FIG. 1,

FIG. 3 shows a diagram of an example of an inventive initial and startprocess of a gas turbine, having a burner with two fuel passages.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

A schematic sectional diagram of an inventive burner arrangement isshown in FIG. 1. The inventive burner arrangement comprises a centralburner system 1, which serves as a pilot burner system for the burnerarrangement, as well as a main burner system 3 disposed concentricallyaround the central burner system 3. The main burner system 3 at least isconfigured as a hybrid burner system, in other words it can be operatedboth in diffusion and premix mode. The pilot burner system 1 can beoperated at least in diffusion mode. While in diffusion mode the fuel isinjected directly into the flame, in premix mode the fuel is first mixedwith air, before the mixture is supplied to the flame. Operation inpremix mode impacts particularly favorably on the pollutant emissions ofa gas turbine system.

The central burner system 1 comprises a central supply duct 5 for liquidfuels, a central gas supply passage 7 for the supply of gaseous fuels,in the present exemplary embodiment for the supply of synthesis gas, anda central air supply duct 9 for the supply of air. The central gassupply passage 7 is disposed concentrically around the central supplyduct 5 for liquid fuels, which opens into a nozzle 11 for injecting theliquid fuel into the combustion chamber 13. The central air supply duct9 is in turn disposed concentrically around the central gas supplypassage 7.

The central gas supply passage 7 opens by way of outlet nozzles 15 intothe central air supply duct 9. Swirl generators 12 are disposed in theopening region to ensure that the synthesis gas is premixed with the airflowing in through the central air supply duct 9, if the burnerarrangement is to be operated in premix mode.

The central burner system 1 also comprises an ignition pilot burner,comprising a tubular synthesis gas supply unit 8, which opens into thecentral air supply duct 9 upstream of the swirl generators 12. Thetubular synthesis gas supply unit 8 is configured here to supply a smalland where possible undiluted synthesis gas mass flow. An electricignition 10 is also present in the opening region and this can be usedto ignite the gas flowing out of the opening.

The central burner system 1 operates as a pilot burner system and servesto maintain a pilot flame that assists the stability of the burnerflame. In principle it allows the operation of the burner as a diffusionburner. The pilot burner is ignited by means of the ignition pilotburner system, which is sometimes also referred to as the secondarypilot burner system.

The nozzle-type outlet openings 15, the tubular synthesis gas supplyunit 8 and the central air supply duct 9 are shown schematically in FIG.2 in a section along the line II-II from FIG. 1. The nozzle-type outletopenings 15 form a nozzle ring 14, which closes off the central gassupply passage 7. The nozzles 15 are distributed over the periphery ofthe nozzle ring at regular distances from each other. There are nonozzles 15 present in the nozzle ring 14 only in the region opposite theopening of the tubular synthesis gas supply unit 8 into the air supplyduct 9. The absence of nozzles 15 in this region serves to preventinterference in the flow present in the air supply duct 9, which couldresult in vortex streets, which would act as undesirable flamepreservers. Also the absence of nozzles allows synthesis gas supplied byway of the central fuel passage 7 only to be ignited in the combustionchamber 13 rather than beforehand in the burner.

In FIG. 1 the synthesis gas supply unit 8 is disposed on the outside ofthe central air supply duct 9. Alternatively it is also possible to passthe tubular synthesis gas supply unit 8 through the central gas supplypassage 7.

The main burner system, which is disposed concentrically around thecentral burner system 1, comprises a gas supply passage 31, whichencloses the central burner system 1 in an annular manner, and an airsupply duct 35. Swirl generators 37 are disposed in the air supply duct35, to swirl the air flowing toward the combustion chamber 13. Theregion of the supply duct 35, in which the swirl generators 37 aredisposed, forms a mixing passage for mixing the synthesis gas with theair flowing in. The swirl generators 37 are configured in a hollowmanner at least in part to supply the synthesis gas. These hollow spacesare connected to the outer gas supply passage 31 by way of openings 39.The swirl generators 37 have outlet nozzles 41 at appropriate points,through which outlet nozzles 41 the synthesis gas supplied through theouter gas supply passage 21 can enter the air flow supplied through theair supply duct 35. The outlet nozzles 41 are disposed in the swirlgenerators in such a manner that the synthesis gas passes at least onesegment of the swirl generator 37 together with the air, in order to beable to be mixed thoroughly with the air in premix operation.

A synthesis gas start, in other words when the burner is started withsynthesis gas, is described below with reference to FIG. 3, in which thecalorific value of the synthesis gas used is plotted against the gasturbine power P.

During a synthesis gas start low-calorie synthesis gas is fed into thecombustion zone by way of the central burner system 1 and is ignitedthere either by way of an ignition pilot flame or an electric ignition.The central burner system 1 is thereby configured as a diffusion burnerand has a small effective cross-section, to ensure a sufficiently highflow resistance and therefore a high exit speed with a small synthesisgas mass flow. Once a stable flame has farmed at the exit end of thecentral burner system 1, the load on the gas turbine is increased byincreasing the synthesis gas mass flow over the central gas supplypassage 7, the gas turbine is synchronized and the gas turbine power isincreased until the pressure loss over the central fuel passage 7reaches the maximum possible value.

Once the maximum possible value has been reached, the main burner system3 is connected in a regulated manner, said main burner system 3 beingconfigured both as a diffusion burner and as a premix burner. When themain burner system is operational, the central burner system 1 canessentially be disconnected. Alternatively it is also possible tocontinue to operate both burner systems simultaneously.

The starting of the gas turbine with synthesis gas is particularlyadvantageous, if an ignition pilot burner, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.2, comprising the synthesis gas supply unit 8, is used to ignite thecentral burner system 1. A small and where possible undiluted synthesisgas flow is injected into the air supply duct 9 by way of the synthesisgas supply unit 8 and the injected synthesis gas is ignited by way ofthe electric ignition 10. In the next step the ignition pilot flame 16burning upstream of the swirl generator 12 is used to ignite thesynthesis gas flame of the gas supply passage 7, which is configured asa diffusion flame, and remove it from the region of the swirl generator.

The flame can be removed by preventing interference edges, at whichvortex streets may develop, which act as undesirable flame preservers,in the region between the exit opening 10 and the combustion chamber 13.In the burner arrangement shown in FIG. 1 interference edges areprevented by not disposing the tubular synthesis gas supply unit 8 andelectric ignition 10 in the air supply duct 9. Also no nozzle rings aredisposed upstream of possible interference edges. When the flame isremoved from the swirl generators 12 of the central air supply duct 9and can be maintained by supplying synthesis gas through the centralfuel passage 7, the ignition pilot flame 16 can be disconnected.

An alternative option for preventing combustion in the swirl generator12 of the central air supply duct 9 is to dilute the calorific value ofthe synthesis gas supplied through the central fuel passage 7 bydiluting with an inert medium, for example nitrogen, carbon dioxide orsteam, to the extent that it is possible to operate with a high massflow. The dilution ratio is selected such that a mass flow can besupplied through the central fuel passage 7, which results in a flowspeed of the diluted synthesis gas in the region of the swirl generators12, which is significantly higher than the flame speed. The flame isthus removed from the swirl generators 12.

Reduction of the calorific value of the synthesis gas results in anincrease in the mass flow and therefore an increase in the pressure lossover the central fuel passage 7 for a constant gas turbine power. Thisalso results in a smaller maximum fire power over said fuel passage.Therefore a combination of ignition by means of the ignition pilotburner and moderate dilution to reduce the calorific value isparticularly favorable.

If, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the nozzle ring 14 of the centralfuel passage 7 has no nozzles 15 in its segment opposite the ignitionpilot burner 8, it is also possible for the synthesis gas supplied byway of the ignition pilot burner 8 and the central fuel passage 7 onlyto be mixed in the combustion chamber 13. In this instance the ignitionpilot flame 16 supplied by the synthesis gas supply unit of the ignitionpilot burner 8 only ignites the synthesis gas supplied over the secondfuel passage 7 in the combustion chamber 13, so there is no need toremove the flame of the synthesis gas supplied over the second fuelpassage 7 from the swirl generator 12.

Once the gas turbine has been synchronized and the maximum power P₁ hasbeen achieved by means of the diluted synthesis gas over the centralfuel passage 7, the power of the gas turbine can be further increased byreducing the dilution of the synthesis gas supplied through the centralfuel passage 7. In other words, the supplied inert medium is graduallyreplaced with synthesis gas. This is possible because, in the case ofthe power P₁, the mass flow of an undiluted synthesis gas is alreadylarge enough to result in an exit speed, which prevents the flame beingdrawn back into the swirl generator 12.

Once the maximum burner power P₂ that can be achieved over the centralfuel passage 7 has been reached, in other words once a maximum possibleundiluted synthesis gas mass flow has been supplied, the main passage 3must be connected, to increase the gas turbine power further. It is alsonecessary to ensure a minimum exit speed of the synthesis gas for themain fuel passage 31, in other words a minimum pressure loss over themain fuel passage 31, in order to prevent acoustic instabilities orburner overheating. Because of the size of the passage this minimumpressure loss corresponds to approximately 50% of the gas turbine power.Since the maximum possible power, which is possible over the centralfuel passage 7, can be much less (approximately 10% to 20%), connectingthe main fuel passage 31 would result in a sudden jump in power, whichis prevented by supplying a large proportion of inert medium to thesynthesis gas supplied through the main fuel passage 31 in a first stepof the start phase, in order to reduce the calorific value of thesynthesis gas. This allows a high volume flow, whilst keeping the fuelenergy content, which reduces the gas turbine power, low at the sametime. The supply to the main fuel passage 31 is regulated, with thesynthesis gas mass flow supplied over the central fuel passage 7 beingadjusted in a regulated manner at the same time.

In the start phase the synthesis gas mass flow is first increased to therequired power P₃ for a constant calorific value H of the synthesis gas(segment A in FIG. 3). The large proportion of inert medium is thengradually replaced with synthesis gas in a regulated manner taking intoaccount the permitted gradients, thus setting the required calorificvalue (B in FIG. 3), until a predetermined power P₄ is reached. Thepower can then be increased to the maximum power P_(max) by increasingthe synthesis gas mass flow supplied through the main fuel passage 31.

In an alternative embodiment of the start phase the main fuel passage 31can be connected even without inert medium. Not all the burners of thegas turbine are then connected at once, only burner groups, which can beactivated separately. By connecting burner groups, the synthesis gasmass flow is distributed to fewer burners, thereby resulting in a higherpressure loss per burner. Further burner groups can then be connectedgradually, until all the burners are connected.

We claim:
 1. A method for starting a burner designed to combust asynthesis gas, wherein the burner has a first fuel passage and a secondfuel passage, the first fuel passage concentrically encompassing thesecond fuel passage and the synthesis gas is supplied to the burner,mixed with combustion air and combusted, and wherein the second fuelpassage is first charged with synthesis gas to a predetermined burnerpower to start the burner in an initial phase and the first fuel passageis then subsequently charged with synthesis gas in a start phasefollowing the initial phase, comprising: supplying a small synthesis gasmass flow via an ignition pilot burner; igniting the small synthesis gasmass flow to form an ignition pilot flame; initiating a flow ofsynthesis gas out of the second fuel passage after the ignition pilotflame has been ignited; and igniting the second fuel passage gas flowvia the ignition pilot flame to form a flame, wherein the ignition pilotburner opens into the second fuel passage and is arranged upstream of aswirl generator disposed in the second fuel passage, and ignition of thepilot flame via the ignition pilot flame only occurs in the combustionchamber.
 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein ignition of thepilot flame in the combustion chamber is achieved by supplying thesynthesis gas supplied by way of the ignition pilot burner and over thesecond fuel passage in such a manner that the synthesis gas supplied byway of the ignition pilot burner and the synthesis gas supplied over thesecond fuel passage are only mixed in the combustion chamber.
 3. Amethod for starting a burner designed to combust a synthesis gas,wherein the burner has a first fuel passage and a second fuel passage,the first fuel passage concentrically encompassing the second fuelpassage and the synthesis gas is supplied to the burner, mixed withcombustion air and combusted, and wherein the second fuel passage isfirst charged with synthesis gas to a predetermined burner power tostart the burner in an initial phase and the first fuel passage is thensubsequently charged with synthesis gas in a start phase following theinitial phase, comprising: supplying a small synthesis gas mass flow viaan ignition pilot burner; igniting the small synthesis gas mass flow toform an ignition pilot flame; initiating a flow of synthesis gas out ofthe second fuel passage after the ignition pilot flame has been ignited;and igniting the second fuel passage gas flow via the ignition pilotflame to form a pilot flame, wherein the ignition pilot burner open intothe second fuel passage and is arranged upstream of a swirl generatordisposed in the second fuel passage and synthesis gas is suppliedthrough the second fuel passage such that the pilot flame is removedfrom the region of the swirl generator.
 4. The method as claimed inclaim 3, wherein removal is effected by preventing any interferenceedges, at which vortex streets may develop.
 5. The method as claimed inclaim 3, wherein removal is effected by reducing the calorific value ofthe synthesis gas supplied through the second fuel passage in such amanner that a flow speed of the synthesis gas is set, which issignificantly higher than the flame speed.
 6. The method as claimed inclaim 5, wherein the calorific value is reduced by diluting thesynthesis gas with an inert medium.
 7. The method as claimed claim 3,wherein only the second fuel passage is charged with synthesis gas inthe initial phase.
 8. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein thesecond fuel passage is charged with synthesis gas during the startphase.
 9. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein only the first fuelpassage is charged with synthesis gas during the start phase.
 10. Themethod as claimed in claim 3, wherein during the initial phase acontinuously increasing mass flow of synthesis gas is supplied to thesecond fuel passage to a maximum burner power achievable over the secondfuel passage.
 11. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein an inertmedium is mixed with the synthesis gas to set a required calorificvalue.
 12. The method as claimed in claim 11, wherein when the firstfuel passage is connected in the start phase, a large quantity of inertmedium is first mixed with the synthesis gas supplied in the first fuelpassage such that a sudden jump in power is prevented during thetransition from initial phase to start phase.
 13. The method as claimedin claim 11, wherein the proportion of inert medium in the synthesis gasis reduced continuously until the required calorific value is achieved.14. A burner arrangement for a gas turbine combustion chamber,comprising: a main burner having a first fuel passage that supplies afirst fuel mass flow; a pilot burner having a second fuel passage thatsupplies a second fuel mass flow with a swirl generator positioned tomix the second fuel mass flow with air; and an ignition pilot burnerarranged upstream of the swirl generator disposed in the second fuelpassage to ignite the pilot burner wherein the ignition pilot burneropens into the second fuel passage, wherein the second fuel passage isconfigured in such a manner that any interference edges, at which vortexstreets may develop, are prevented between the ignition pilot burner andthe combustion chamber.
 15. The burner arrangement as claimed in claim14, wherein no fuel nozzles are disposed upstream of possibleinterference edges.
 16. The burner arrangement as claimed in claim 14,wherein the second fuel passage has no fuel outlets in the region, inwhich the ignition pilot burner is disposed.
 17. The burner arrangementas claimed in claim 16, wherein the second fuel passage is fitted with anozzle ring having fuel nozzles distributed as fuel outlets over itsperiphery, with no fuel nozzles present in the peripheral segment of thenozzle ring facing the ignition pilot burner.
 18. The burner arrangementas claimed in claim 14, wherein the pilot burner includes a pilot supplyand an air supply duct, and interference edges at which vortex streetsmay develop are prevented by not disposing the pilot supply in the airsupply duct and by not disposing the ignition in the air supply duct.